The US-Israel-Lebanon trilateral framework unveiled on Saturday (local time) calls for the complete and verified disarmament of all “non-state armed groups” across Lebanon as part of a roadmap towards ending decades of conflict, but Hezbollah swiftly rejected the agreement, warning that attempts to implement it could provoke “civil war”.“Signed in Washington in the presence of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, the 14-point framework commits Israel and Lebanon to work towards formally ending the state of war through direct negotiations, with the United States acting as mediator and guarantor of implementation.Although the document does not explicitly name Hezbollah, it repeatedly commits the Lebanese government to establishing a state monopoly on the use of force by achieving “the complete and verified disarmament of all non-state armed groups” and destroying their military infrastructure throughout the country.Also read: US, Israel and Lebanon sign trilateral framework agreement after fifth round of talksThe framework also envisages a phased Israeli military redeployment from Lebanese territory, linked to verified disarmament and the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in designated pilot areas. A US-backed military coordination group will oversee implementation, while Washington has also pledged humanitarian and reconstruction aid to Lebanon.The agreement states that Lebanon will ensure that non-state armed groups have “no military or security role and no armed capacity anywhere in Lebanon” and affirms that only the Lebanese state has the right to decide on war and peace.
What did Hezbollah say?
Hezbollah rejected the US-backed Israel-Lebanon framework, saying it would neither accept the agreement nor give up its weapons.Hassan Fadlallah, a member of Hezbollah’s parliamentary faction, warned that Lebanese authorities would be unable to implement the agreement “unless they go into civil war with American support.”He also rejected direct talks between Lebanon and Israel that set out the framework, calling the Washington agreement an “attempt to obstruct the Islamabad path” – a reference to the parallel US-Iran understanding aimed at ending the broader regional conflict.Hezbollah supporters took to the streets of Beirut to protest against the agreement. Lebanon’s state-run National News Agency (NNA) reported that supporters drove motorcycles through central Beirut and the airport road, while protesters blocked at least one major road with burning tires.The Hezbollah supporters chanting slogans passed through the group’s southern Beirut stronghold before heading toward the city center. Lebanese army troops set up temporary checkpoints in parts of the capital and later dispersed protesters who had blocked the main road leading to Beirut’s airport, allowing the route to reopen, according to AFP.Hezbollah has consistently opposed resolutions that would require it to disarm throughout Lebanon, saying that previous agreements and UN resolutions require it to withdraw its weapons only from areas south of the Litani River near the Israeli border.
Read the full text of the outline
The Government of Israel and the Government of Lebanon, with the full support of the United States under President Donald J TrumpReaffirm our common goal of achieving lasting peace and security. As reflected in this Trilateral Framework (“Framework”), and through future agreements, both countries declare their ambition to end the conflict between them, ensure the sovereignty and security of both countries, and establish peaceful neighborly relations between the two countries.
- Israel and Lebanon reaffirm the right of each state to live in peace and their mutual desire to live in security as neighboring sovereign states. Israel and Lebanon hereby declare their intention to decisively end the conflict, address its underlying causes, as well as formally end any state of war between them. The framework, which followed several rounds of direct negotiations between the parties, builds on previous successful agreements and understandings, and expresses the determination to make irreversible progress toward a comprehensive resolution of all issues between the two countries. Both countries reaffirm their intention to resolve these issues as sovereign states through direct bilateral negotiations, with the mediation and support of the United States.
- The Government of Israel and the Government of Lebanon are committed to a reciprocal, sequential process with clear terms, whereby the LAF will restore effective sovereign authority over all Lebanese territory, pending the verified disarmament of non-state armed groups and the dismantling of associated infrastructure, enabling the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to progressively redeploy from Lebanese territory. The components of this process will be detailed in a security agreement developed with the full support of the United States, which will complement this framework. The Framework will establish the measures, safeguards and verification mechanisms required to take this process forward. The successful implementation of this framework will pave the way for stable and peaceful relations between the two countries and will enable the IDF to redeploy outside Lebanese territory.
- Pursuant to the Security Agreement, and as part of a broader effort toward the Lebanese State’s monopoly of arms and sovereign territorial control, the LAF will gradually assume full and effective security responsibility in the pilot areas, which will serve as the mechanism for the phased and verified redeployment of the IDF and the deployment of the LAF. Two initial areas have been agreed upon by the IDF and LAF, and future pilot areas will also be mutually agreed upon. Upon confirmation of the successful disarmament of non-state armed groups and the dismantling of their infrastructure in these areas, the LAF will assume full and effective security responsibility in these areas, internationally supported reconstruction efforts will begin, and Lebanese civilians will be able to return safely to these areas under the exclusive control of the Lebanese state authorities. The United States intends to work closely with both countries to verify and support this process.
- The Government of Lebanon reaffirms its firm and irreversible commitment to restore and exercise full sovereignty over all its territories. The Lebanese Government will reestablish the state monopoly on the use of force, achieve complete and verified disarmament of all non-state armed groups, and ensure that such groups have no military or security role and no armed capabilities anywhere in Lebanon. The Lebanese Government requests the support of international and especially Arab partners, led by the United States, to achieve this outcome.
- The Government of Israel emphasizes that its military actions in Lebanon are solely the result of attacks, threats, and hostile intent by non-state armed groups, particularly Hezbollah. The Government of Israel emphasizes that the cessation of this threat, through the disarmament and disengagement of such groups throughout Lebanon and the agreement on additional security arrangements between the two countries, will eliminate any future need for IDF military action or presence in Lebanon. Pursuant to the above, the Government of Israel declares that it has no territorial ambitions in Lebanon.
- The Government of Lebanon, in accordance with the charter of united nations And in the exercise of its sovereign authority, it reaffirms that its security forces have exclusive responsibility for the safety and defense of Lebanon and that the Government of Lebanon retains the exclusive sovereign right to make war and peace. The Lebanese Government rejects claims by any State or non-State actor of using force on its behalf without explicit authorization, and reiterates that any claim by any State or non-State actor to assume a military or security role is illegal in accordance with Lebanese Government decisions and contrary to Lebanese national interests.
- The Government of Lebanon and the Government of Israel confirm that nothing in this framework prevents them from exercising their inherent right to defend themselves, as recognized in the Charter of the United Nations and in line with applicable international law, reaffirming that no third party may exercise that right on their behalf. Both governments are committed to establishing a Military Coordination Group with US support and participation to ensure overall implementation of this framework.
- Both countries reaffirm that they share the objective of a secure, rebuilt Lebanon under full Lebanese state sovereignty, in which no non-state armed groups pose a threat to Israel, Lebanon or the citizens of either country. Furthermore, both countries recognize that the restoration of security in southern Lebanon through the deployment of the LAF, the safe return of its civilian population, and the protection of Israel’s northern communities is essential for long-term stability and peace.
- The Government of Lebanon is committed to a rigorous, performance-based program to enhance the LAF’s ability to assert full military and security control within Lebanon in accordance with the security arrangements agreed upon within the negotiated framework, and to enforce the disarmament of all non-state armed groups and exercise effective authority throughout Lebanon. The Lebanese Government welcomes the readiness of the United States to support such efforts, recognizing that any new U.S. assistance will be based strictly on verifiable milestones, full transparency, demonstrated results, and ongoing oversight. This effort will enable the secure and orderly re-establishment of Lebanese sovereignty, while also contributing to the broader stability and security of the entire Middle East.
- Separately and simultaneously, the United States will mobilize international partners to actively support the Government of Lebanon in rebuilding the country, repairing infrastructure, restoring the economy, and creating opportunities for prosperity. This is expected to include the mobilization of substantial reconstruction and humanitarian assistance to Lebanon, economic recovery programs, and investment initiatives so that Lebanon can recover from years of conflict and provide a better future for all its citizens.
- Lebanon and the United States commit to taking available legal measures to prevent the flow of funds to any entity, organization, or individual affiliated with non-State armed groups and to impose sanctions on the activity of any such entity, organization, or individual. The Lebanese Government is clearly committed to preventing reconstruction funds from flowing to non-state armed groups and related entities.
- Upon signing of this framework, both countries will work on establishing working groups to draft a full comprehensive peace and security agreement. Furthermore, to achieve the goals of the Framework, both Governments will immediately establish complementary tracks of ongoing direct engagement with the assistance of the United States. The two Governments are committed to moving forward in good faith until a full and lasting peace is achieved, which will bring security, stability and prosperity to the people of Israel and Lebanon.
- Consistent with their shared goals of establishing stable and peaceful relations, Israel and Lebanon are committed to taking good-faith steps that demonstrate positive intentions, including ceasing all hostile or adverse actions in international political or legal forums and pledging to work toward the discovery and return of remains and the release of detainees.
- The two Governments acknowledge the role of the United States in supporting his efforts to end decades of conflict and establish lasting stability and comprehensive peace between the two countries, and express their deep appreciation for the vision and leadership of President Donald J. Trump.