Despite significant progress in reducing global deaths from this disease, diarrhea remains the leading cause of death in children under five and the elderly, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

A recent study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases reported that 1.2 million people died due to diarrheal diseases worldwide in 2021, down from 2.9 million in 1990 – a 60% reduction.

The study, part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington, is the most comprehensive assessment of diarrhea-related mortality to date, according to the researchers.

The findings underline the impact of health interventions such as oral rehydration therapy, improved hygiene and global vaccination programs against rotavirus, a leading cause of diarrheal infections.

Children under five years of age are most affected

The study showed that the greatest decline in diarrheal deaths was seen among children under five years of age, thanks to targeted health interventions. However, this age group still has the highest mortality rate globally.

For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 150 deaths per 100,000 population were recorded among children under five years of age, marking the region as the worst affected.

Similar concerns were seen in South Asia, but the highest death rate was seen among individuals aged 70 years and older, with 476 deaths per 1,00,000 population.

Diarrhea is now considered a leading cause of death across all age groups, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly.

need for preventive measures

The Lancet study emphasizes the importance of preventive measures targeting key risk factors and infection-causing pathogens to further reduce the global burden of diarrheal diseases.

“The new granular-level analysis in our study can help decision makers better target and prioritize evidence-based strategies to fight diarrheal diseases,” said Dr. Hmwe Hmwe Ky, associate professor at IHME and co-author of the study. Could.”

Dr. Qu highlighted the need for a multi-pronged approach that includes implementing life-saving solutions like oral rehydration salts (ORS), promoting hygiene and expanding vaccine coverage. As the authors suggest, combining vaccines into a single formulation could reduce manufacturing costs and simplify vaccination schedules, thereby increasing access.

Role of ORS in the management of diarrhea

Oral rehydration salts (ORS) remain the cornerstone of effective diarrhea treatment. Dr. Mohsin Wali, consultant physician, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, stressed the importance of selecting the right ORS formulation.

In an earlier conversation with India Today Digital, Dr Wali said, “It is important to choose the right ORS to effectively manage diarrhea and dehydration. It is important to differentiate between ORS and commercially available sugary drinks. “

While sugary drinks may provide some electrolytes and fluids, they lack the glucose-sodium and potassium balance needed for rapid and effective rehydration. Dr. Wali advised choosing WHO-approved ORS formulations, which are specifically designed for rehydration during diarrhea.

The study researchers highlighted that by improving sanitation, expanding vaccine access and educating the public about appropriate ORS use, the global burden of diarrhea can be further reduced.