Sudden cardiac arrest often strikes unexpectedly, even in seemingly healthy individuals, leaving many people puzzled about its causes. These are different from heart attacks.

While sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating due to a problem in its electrical system, heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. .

Cardiac arrest is caused by electrical problems, while heart attack is a problem with blood flow.

Dr Vikrant Khese, cardiologist, Apollo Clinic, Kharadi, Pune, explains the underlying factors that can trigger this life-threatening condition, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to reduce the risk.

What causes sudden cardiac arrest in healthy people?

Sudden cardiac arrest usually occurs when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, causing an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that disrupts blood flow.

One of the most common arrhythmias associated with this condition is ventricular fibrillation, where the lower chambers of the heart quiver instead of pumping blood effectively.

“Arrhythmias can occur even in people who have no known heart disease. They can arise due to genetic mutations, excessive physical exertion or stress,” Dr. Khese said.

Undiagnosed Heart Conditions: Conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, or Long QT syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting the heart’s electrical system, may go unnoticed but pose serious risks. Is.

physical exertion: Intensive exercise, especially in athletes with hidden heart disease, can stress the heart and lead to failure or dangerous arrhythmias.

electrolyte imbalance: Abnormal levels of potassium, magnesium or calcium can disrupt the heart’s rhythm.

genetic factors: A family history of sudden cardiac death may indicate a hereditary predisposition to arrhythmias.

Infection: Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle that is often caused by viral infections, can also cause cardiac arrest.

Steps to Reduce Risk

Although sudden cardiac arrest cannot be completely prevented, some steps can help reduce the risk.

Regular Health Checkup: “Regular checkups with ECG or echocardiogram can help in early detection of heart abnormalities,” says Dr. Khese.

Heart-Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can strengthen the heart.

stress management: Chronic stress can put a strain on the heart. Practices like meditation and physical activity can help manage it effectively.

Recognizing warning signs: Symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness or nervousness should never be ignored, even in fit individuals.

Family History Awareness: Genetic testing and thorough evaluation are important for individuals with a family history of sudden cardiac death.

Learning CPR and AED usage: Immediate response to cardiac emergencies can save lives. “It is important to know CPR and know how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED),” Dr. Khese emphasizes.

He also recommends avoiding stimulants like caffeine or recreational drugs that can trigger arrhythmias.

He stressed the need for early detection: “If you experience fainting or unexplained dizziness, seek medical evaluation immediately.”

Sudden cardiac arrest in healthy individuals is often associated with unknown heart abnormalities or genetic predisposition.

Although it can strike without warning, leading a heart-healthy lifestyle, getting regular checkups, and being prepared for emergencies can help reduce the risk.

“Prevention and early intervention are key to protecting your heart,” Dr. Khese concluded.