Infertility has become a public health concern worldwide, reflecting a growing trend among couples. While there are many causes of infertility, one of the major ones is sexually transmitted diseases (STIs).

Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) have become quite prevalent in men, which affects their fertility. These infections, which spread during any sexual activity, can significantly affect overall health.

Sexually transmitted diseases in men can manifest in different ways. These diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses that thrive in moist and warm conditions, and can be transmitted through vaginal fluids, semen, blood, or skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.

Doctors recommend regular checkups for early detection of any sexually transmitted disease and providing immediate treatment to prevent the spread of the infection.

Dr. Ravindra Hodarkar, Urologist at Zinova Shalby Hospital, explains the various sexually transmitted diseases and their symptoms:

Chlamydia: It is a bacterial infection spread through anal, oral or vaginal sex, causing discharge from the penis, swollen testicles and painful urination.

Gonorrhea: It affects the anus, throat or urethra, causing pain when urinating and discharge from the penis.

hepatitis A: Spread through unprotected sexual contact, causing fever and fatigue.

hepatitis B: Spread through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, resulting in nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and jaundice.

Herpes: A viral condition caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), causing blisters on the genitals, lips, tongue, and gums.

Human papillomavirus (HPV): Warts appear on the genitals and in the mouth and throat.

Syphilis: A bacterial STI that causes skin rashes, fatigue, and headaches.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Spread through bodily fluids, symptoms include fever, rash, sore throat, headache, cough, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Dr. Hodarkar stressed the importance of regular screening and early detection to prevent long-term effects such as infertility, prostate and throat cancer, genital ulcers and organ damage.

Dr Rajesh Bendre, National Technical Head & Chief Pathologist, Apollo Diagnostics, Mumbai, highlighted the importance of diagnosis as STDs can impact mental health.

“STDs can severely impact mental health, leading to depression, stress, anxiety and loneliness. Consult a doctor who can diagnose and treat the infection. Diagnosis involves a physical examination, oral swab, blood test and swabs from the penis and genital lesions,” said Dr Bendre.

Bacterial STDs can be treated with antibiotics, but viral infections such as herpes and HIV are not curable. Preventive measures include practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing personal items.

Doctors emphasised that STDs are a serious health concern for men. Awareness, regular check-ups and prompt treatment are key to managing and preventing these infections.