The squeaking sound of nails being dragged across a chalkboard.

The loud sound of someone drinking tea.

There was a continuous sound of water dripping from the roof.

Do you get a weird feeling just imagining these sounds? Certain kinds of sounds can trigger anyone, but some people are particularly sensitive to them. What is this increased sensitivity called? Misophonia,

Noise stimulants

“Misophonia is a condition in which there are intense emotional reactions, such as anger or anxiety, triggered by specific sounds,” explains Dr. Neerja Agarwal, a Gurugram-based PhD psychologist and co-founder of mental health start-up Emonides. india today,

The expert said although misophonia is not officially classified as a psychological disorder in major diagnostic manuals, it shares similarities with conditions such as OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in its emotional and physical reactions.

Further, Dr. Kenny Ravish Rajeev, Senior Consultant, Head of Department of Neurology and Epilepsy, Aster CMI Hospitals, Bengaluru, explained that the intensity of the reaction to such sounds can range from mild to severe emotional torture, and the condition can significantly impact the quality of life of those affected.

“This condition appears to be more common in women than men,” says Dr. Rajeev.

Furthermore, Dr. Agarwal explains that misophonia usually develops in childhood or adolescence and can affect a person of any age.

“It’s relatively uncommon, but not rare, with estimates being that around 15-20 per cent of people experience misophonia at some level,” he explains.

Causes and symptoms

According to Dr Agarwal, its exact causes are not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, neurological and environmental factors.

Meanwhile, symptoms of misophonia include intense emotional reactions to specific sounds, often described as ‘rage’ or ‘panic’.

• These reactions can be severe, leading to avoidance behaviors and impacting daily life.
• In addition to emotional reactions, physiological reactions, behavioral reactions, and cognitive reactions can also be symptoms.
• “In mild cases, the person may feel irritated or uncomfortable, but can still control his reactions and continue with his conditioning,” says Dr Rajeev.
• The doctor says, “Misophonia causes people to avoid certain situations or environments, affecting social relationships and routines. Severe cases of the condition can lead to social isolation, difficulty communicating, and significant disruptions at work. In severe cases, a person may experience severe anxiety or depression.”

Common Triggers

It’s important to understand that triggers can vary widely from person to person. However, some of the most common sounds that provoke strong reactions include:

• Food soundsChewing, sucking, lip smacking, swallowing, and gnawing.
• breathing soundsHeavy breathing, runny nose, coughing, and sneezing.
• Repetitive soundsThe clicking of pens, the tapping of feet, the snapping of fingers and the ticking of a clock.
• Mouth soundsWhimpering, licking lips, and gnashing teeth.
• Other body soundsBiting nails, cracking fingers, and clearing throat.
• Environmental soundsThe sound of water dripping, typing on keyboards, rustling of papers and honking car horns.
• FootstepsWalking on hard surfaces, especially in cool environments.
• animal soundsThe barking of the dog, the meowing of the cat and the chirping of the birds.

How to control it?

Experts agree that managing misophonia can be exhausting, but a number of strategies and treatments can help reduce its impact, such as using earplugs and noise-canceling headphones, creating quiet spaces, and practicing relaxation techniques.

Although misophonia cannot be permanently cured, managing the condition can significantly improve quality of life.

If you have misophonia

• Identify triggersKeep a diary noting which sounds elicit a reaction and under what circumstances.
• use ear protectionManaging ambient sounds can help reduce exposure to stimulating sounds.
• Create a calm spaceDesignate areas in your home or workplace where you can find relief from such noises.
• practice relaxation techniquesDeep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation are some of the techniques that may help manage the stress associated with misophonia.
• Get helpDon’t hesitate to talk to friends, family, or a support group, as this can provide emotional relief.
• Consider therapyCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or sound therapy by a trained therapist can help you develop coping strategies.
• be openMake sure people around you are aware of your condition and how they can help you by reducing irritating sounds.

If your loved one has misophonia

“Being understanding for those living with a person with misophonia and minimising stimulating sounds as much as possible can help create a supportive environment,” says Dr Agarwal.

Remember that open communication about the situation and its impact can also promote mutual empathy and better coping strategies. You also need to understand that their reactions are not intentional and try to be patient.

Also, respecting personal space can be helpful. Give them space when they need it, especially if they feel bothered by certain sounds.

Finally, show empathy and educate yourself. Learn more about misophonia so you can better understand what your loved one is experiencing and how you can support them.