High AQI has hit North India, especially the National Capital Region. While people may immediately experience breathing problems, cough, sneezing and watery eyes, high AQI can have harmful, long-term health effects.

Air pollution, as measured by the Air Quality Index (AQI), adversely affects the health of pregnant women and their unborn children.

Pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide and ozone play a significant role, with doctors warning that high AQI levels can lead to several complications in pregnancy.

Dr. Juhi Patel, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, explained that “High levels of AQI, mainly due to particulate matter and ozone exposure, have serious effects, such as premature birth, low birth weight and developmental problems in the child.” Can lead to complications.”

Studies show that mothers exposed to high pollution levels during pregnancy are more likely to have premature delivery, as well as have low birth weight babies – which puts them at risk for health problems in infancy and beyond. is a risk factor.

Additionally, exposure to pollutants can impair fetal development. Pregnant women exposed to high AQI levels are more likely to experience inflammation, which can cross the placental barrier, causing respiratory problems such as asthma in their children later in life.

Dr. Patel said exposure in the third trimester is especially important, as it has been linked to conditions such as autism and neurodevelopmental delays.

High AQI is also associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, which means high blood pressure during pregnancy.

Dr. Patel advised, “To protect themselves and their unborn baby, mothers should monitor the AQI index, limit outdoor exposure during high pollution days and use air purifiers when pollution levels are very high.” should be used.”

Dr Sharvari De Dua, consultant physician and endocrinologist, also spoke about the possible neurodevelopmental effects.

“Air pollution is a preventable risk factor for healthy child neuro-development,” he said.

Studies have shown that prenatal nitrogen dioxide exposure is linked to childhood behavioral issues, with girls being particularly vulnerable.

Additionally, exposure to particulate matter in the second trimester has been shown to decrease IQ, particularly affecting boys.

Once born, babies are sensitive to these pollutants in their early years, as inhaled air can affect brain areas responsible for cognitive and behavioral functions.

The effects of pollution can also extend to maternal allergies during pregnancy, which can cause discomfort and affect the fetus. Dr Dua said pollution also affects fertility, potentially leading to delayed conception during childbearing years.

Dr. Vaishali Sharma, laparoscopic surgeon and IVF specialist, highlighted the importance of understanding these risks, saying that “pregnancy is a time of joy but also a time of increased sensitivity to environmental factors.”

They advised pregnant women to actively monitor air quality and take preventive steps, such as using air purifiers with HEPA filters at home, avoiding outdoor activities during peak pollution hours and wearing masks when going out. .