Damp walls and mold are a very common sight in Indian homes, especially during the monsoon season or in areas with poor ventilation and water leakage.

Apart from being an eyesore, these issues also increase health risks, especially to the respiratory system. From children playing indoors to adults staying at home for long periods of time, exposure to mold spores and moisture has become a silent but persistent health threat.

According to doctors, these factors are increasingly contributing to respiratory diseases, so it has become necessary to understand their impact and take preventive measures.

“Mold spores are potent allergens that can irritate the respiratory system, leading to conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis,” said Dr Praveen Kumar Pandey, senior director, pulmonology, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Patparganj.

He told that fungi grow in moist environment and release microscopic spores into the air. These spores, which cannot be seen with the naked eye, can worsen asthma symptoms when inhaled and can even cause severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.

Anaphylaxis is a serious and even life-threatening allergic reaction that results in hives, itching, or redness of the skin. This can also cause swelling in the face and eyes. A person may have difficulty breathing and feel dizzy.

Effect of mold and moisture on respiratory health

Indoor mold releases mycotoxins, toxic compounds that can cause chronic airway inflammation. Prolonged exposure may worsen pre-existing conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Dr. Prasanna Kumar T, Consultant Pulmonologist, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, said, “Patients often report an increase in the frequency of asthma attacks during the humid season, when the prevalence of mold is at its peak. ” He highlighted that these fungi are more than just a household nuisance, they are a major driver of respiratory distress.

Additionally, exposure to mold can cause fungal infections such as pulmonary aspergillosis, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable due to their less strong immune systems.

“Even seemingly harmless mold patches can release spores that cause symptoms ranging from sneezing and coughing to life-threatening conditions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis,” Dr. Pandey said.

Damp walls also create an ideal environment for dust mites and bacteria, which increases the problem. These allergies can trigger wheezing, shortness of breath, and sinus infections, making everyday life a challenge for people with respiratory sensitivities.

Preventing mold-related health problems

Doctors recommend keeping indoor humidity levels below 50% by using a dehumidifier or exhaust fan. It is important to immediately address water leaks and ensure proper ventilation in moisture-prone areas like bathrooms and kitchens.

“Be alert for symptoms of mold, such as musty odor or visible spots, and seek medical advice if respiratory symptoms persist,” advises Dr. Prasanna Kumar.

If the mold problem is severe, it may be necessary to call in professionals to remove it and make the home safe.