Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. In India, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s is increasing rapidly due to the increasing ageing population.

It is estimated that 4 million people are affected by some form of dementia, with Alzheimer’s being the most common. Despite this, awareness and diagnosis rates remain low, leading to delayed treatment and inadequate care.

Mental health plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease. Studies show that mental health significantly affects the progression of the disease. Depression, in particular, has been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s.

Dr. Gaurav Gupta, CEO and senior psychiatrist of Tulsi Healthcare, said that apart from the impact on emotions, depression also affects the structure and function of the brain.

“Chronic depression can cause the hippocampal region, which aids in memory and learning, to shrink, which may impair cognitive performance,” Dr Gupta said.

He said that in depression, levels of the stress hormone cortisol increase, and this causes oxidative damage and inflammation.

Dr. Kapil Agarwal, Senior Consultant & HOD – Department of Neurology, Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurugram said, “Although there is no direct link between depression and Alzheimer’s disease, it is clear that maintaining mental health is important to reduce the overall risk. Early treatment for depression can reduce its long-term effects on the brain and reduce the chances of cognitive decline.”

In fact, people who suffer from depression have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease later in life.

Poor mental health can also accelerate cognitive decline in people who have already been diagnosed with the disease. Psychological distress and isolation, which are common in older individuals, can aggravate memory problems and make symptoms worse.

Mental stimulation, social connectedness, and early intervention for mental health issues, such as depression, are key to managing Alzheimer’s progression.

In addition, addressing mental health conditions in Alzheimer’s patients improves their overall quality of life and may slow the rate of cognitive decline. The Indian Health Service is increasingly recognizing the need to integrate mental health support into dementia care.

Early diagnosis, mental health management, and creating awareness about Alzheimer’s and related conditions will help address the growing challenge posed by the disease in India.