What is COPD, a fatal lung disease?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem globally, caused primarily by smoking and environmental factors, leading to severe respiratory problems.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that makes breathing difficult. This includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which obstruct airflow and cause respiratory symptoms such as chronic coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide, affecting millions of people.
The primary risk factor for COPD is smoking while air pollution is an environmental risk factor. About 80–90% of COPD cases are linked to tobacco use. Inhaling smoke damages the airways and alveoli (air sacs in the lungs), causing inflammation, narrowing of the airways, and loss of lung tissue.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 3.1 million people died from COPD in 2021. It is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide.
Other risk factors include exposure to air pollution, occupational dust and chemicals, as well as a genetic condition known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which can increase the chance of lung damage.
COPD develops over many years, often with no noticeable symptoms until the disease progresses. Symptoms usually include persistent cough, mucus production, fatigue, and frequent respiratory infections.
Over time, COPD can cause severe breathing difficulties and reduce quality of life.
Management of COPD involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and treatments. The first step is to quit smoking, which is the most effective way to slow the progression of the disease.
Medications such as bronchodilators and inhaled steroids can help open the airways, reduce swelling, and make breathing easier. In more severe cases, oxygen therapy may be required to ensure adequate oxygen levels in the blood.
Pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes exercise and breathing techniques, is also recommended to improve lung function and overall health.
Although COPD cannot be cured, early diagnosis and proper management can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. Being proactive about regular checkups and treatment is key to living well with COPD.
