Infertility can be an emotionally challenging and overwhelming experience for many couples. With advances in fertility medicine, a number of tests and treatments have emerged to help those struggling to conceive.

One such important test is the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test, which has gained importance especially in the context of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Understanding what the AMH test is, how it relates to IVF, and why it is important can provide valuable information for people considering or undergoing fertility treatment.

What is an AMH test?

The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) test measures the level of AMH in a woman’s blood. AMH is a hormone produced by the granulosa cells in the ovarian follicles, which contain eggs. The level of AMH in the blood indicates the ovarian reserve, which reflects the number of viable eggs remaining in the ovaries.

Unlike other hormones, AMH levels remain relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle, making it a reliable marker for assessing ovarian reserve (number of eggs) at any time.

Why is AMH testing important?

The AMH test helps evaluate a woman’s fertility. According to Dr. Vaishali Sharma, laparoscopic surgeon in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the primary purpose of the AMH test is to assess a woman’s ovarian reserve.

“High levels of AMH indicate a higher number of eggs, while low levels indicate decreased ovarian reserve capacity,” said Dr Sharma.

In IVF treatment, ovarian stimulation is used to generate multiple eggs for retrieval. AMH levels help predict how a woman will respond to this stimulation.

Women with higher AMH levels are likely to produce more eggs, while those with lower levels may have a poorer response.

In women suffering from PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), which is a condition of irregular menstrual cycles and multiple small follicles in the ovaries, the AMH test diagnoses PCOS and then finds ways to properly manage the condition.

“AMH testing may also help identify women who are at risk for premature menopause, as significantly low AMH levels may indicate that a woman is approaching menopause,” Dr. Sharma added.

Role of AMH Test in IVF

The information obtained from the AMH test enables fertility specialists to create individualized treatment plans. By knowing the woman’s ovarian reserve, the specialist can prescribe the appropriate dose of drugs for ovarian stimulation, reducing the risk of overstimulation or inadequate response in the IVF process.

“Understanding a woman’s response to ovarian stimulation helps optimize the timing of egg retrieval, ensuring collection of the maximum number of mature eggs and increasing the chances of successful fertilization and embryo development,” Dr. Sharma said.

By understanding the importance of AMH testing, women can take proactive steps in their fertility journey, make informed decisions, and increase their chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.