Tabla player Zakir Hussain died on Monday, December 16, at a San Francisco hospital due to complications from a rare and progressive lung disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The 73-year-old music icon was in hospital for two weeks and was later moved to the intensive care unit (ICU) after his condition worsened, his family said in a statement.

Known for his rhythmic talent, Hussain is survived by his wife, Kathak dancer Antonia Minnecola, and their daughters Anisa and Isabella Qureshi.

What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition and one of more than 200 types of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), where the tissue surrounding the tiny air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, thickens and hardens. Become. This thickening leads to permanent scarring (fibrosis), making breathing difficult.

The term “idiopathic” means that the cause of the condition is unknown. Although its exact origin is unclear, researchers believe that genetic predisposition and environmental factors may play a role. It is also difficult to diagnose this disease.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Symptoms of IPF often develop slowly, making early detection challenging. Major symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
• A persistent, dry cough that doesn’t go away.
• Fatigue and unexplained weight loss in advanced stages.
• Clubbing (widening and rounding of the ends of the fingers or toes).

Risk factors include:

• Smoking: A history of smoking increases the risk substantially.
• age: This condition is more common in individuals over 60 years of age.
• Family History: Genetic predisposition may contribute to some cases.
• Environmental Risks: Like wood dust or metal dust.

The unpredictable nature of IPF

IPF progresses differently for each patient. While some experience gradual scarring over years, others suffer rapid deterioration. Sudden acute exacerbations, where symptoms worsen severely, can be life-threatening.

Over time, complications such as pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs) and respiratory failure can occur, leading to a lack of oxygen in the body. The average survival time after diagnosis is usually 3–5 years, although this can vary widely.

Can IPF be treated?

There is no cure for IPF, but treatment options can help slow the progression of the disease. These include:

• Medicines: Antifibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone and nintedanib may reduce lung lesions.
• Oxygen Therapy: Provides supplemental oxygen to aid breathing.
• Lung Transplant: For eligible patients, transplants can be lifesaving.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Programs that include exercise training, education and support.

Self-care for managing IPF

Patients with IPF are encouraged to take a proactive approach to health management:

• Quit smoking to reduce further lung damage.
• Engage in regular exercise, as physical fitness supports overall well-being.
• Follow a balanced diet to strengthen the immune system.
• Stay up to date on vaccinations to prevent infections like pneumonia and influenza.
• Avoid contact with individuals with respiratory infections to reduce the risks.